Usage of dogs during war

Even in the earliest wars dogs were sentries, messengers and scouts. Later they brought ammunition, drugs and a phone cord, we determined the location of mines and found the wounded. During the First World War, the dogs wore masks.

Modern armies prefer to take on service dogs, bred in countries which they protect. In different armies are German shepherds, collies, Dobermans and Rottweilers. For this role does not come from a dog with a white color, because the enemy they are easier to see.

During the Second World War, serving in the German army consisted of 200 000 specially trained dogs, guarding Nazi concentration camps.

Americans used dogs during the seizure of the Japanese-held islands in the Pacific: dogs then neutralize snipers and searched for the wounded in the jungle. In the Soviet army dogs are trained there under the train cars. Then tied to their backs with a charge of TNT and produced them in the vicinity of the trains with ammunition of the enemy. A hungry dog habit ran to the car and blown up with him.

Rescue dogs

The first dog rescue (type Molossian dogs) appeared a few centuries ago and were used to find the wayward during a snowstorm. Over three hundred years, the dogs bred by the monks of the monastery of St. Bernard as a result of successful breeding of Newfoundland and a Great Dane, helped find of missing travelers. These dogs - St. Bernard - are often portrayed with a small keg of brandy around his neck.

St. Bernards have saved thousands of people. A story about one of them - named Barry - has become a legend. This St. Bernard rescued from snow and forty-four people were killed and forty-fifth, which in the darkness took him for a bear. Irony: "Barry" on one of the German dialect means "little bear". In Paris, Barry was a monument, and for many years, Saint Bernards also called barrihundami.

Nowadays, for rescue work after avalanches and earthquakes are most common for a German shepherd, it is easier to the most rigid training. In Water Rescue Newfoundland used, which can operate successfully even in the most violent storm at sea.

 

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Instinct of safety and protection

 Dogs that have guard instinct, they will watch out their house, thing or person with the same success as the sheep. In Greece, some dogs probably descended from a Molossian dogs, guarding the sacred places. Plutarch tells us that a dog before the attack, 21 miles pursued the thief, robbed his temple of Aphrodite. Each dog had succumbed to the ancient instinct, barking warn residents of the house, if someone else would encroach on the things the owner. Even the smallest terriers forced to hear his barking and growling.

Common ancestor of all the guard dogs was a huge and aggressive Molossian dog. However, modern guard dogs in need of special dog training to be held by professional breeders. Guard dog should be able to overcome obstacles such as stairs, barriers and trenches, to protect the items entrusted to it, to attack the person, not harm him comfortable with the sound of shots, refuse to accept food from someone else's hands, did not react to provocations from the other animals running at large distances (up to 40 km)

Police used a very well-trained dogs. Most often the enforcers are the German and Belgian Shepherds, Dobermans, Airedale, Giant Schnauzers, Rottweilers, Bloodhound and Labrador. Dog training begins with the first months of life, and the service, which usually lasts 6-7 years, it comes together with his instructor.

Dogs - guards of private homes - are taught in special schools 6-8 months, depending on their abilities. Of course, the dog can be trained at home, but only the most basic commands: do not bark, sit, lie down, stand up, do not chase other animals, do not jump on guests, even close friends, immediately resorted to the call, but only from their bowls .

Trained dogs should be calm, without coercion, yelling and beating. It must be nice to run the command master. Therefore, the correct execution of commands should be encouraged. But as the promotion's best not to use food that can give any.

On some farms as a patrol passed nedressirovannyh keep dogs on a chain that can not produce anything except condemnation, because the result we get angry, unhappy, not-for-nothing dog.

 

On the other hand, the thieves also afraid of small decorative dogs that begin to bark at the slightest noise. They grabbed the robber in the throat or caviar, but their bark is not nothing to stop. A chain can poison a dog or put to sleep, tossing her a poisoned piece of meat.

 

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Sheepdogs competitions

Training of shepherd dogs used with the simulation. This means that the puppy having shepherds instinct to "trust" an experienced shepherd dog, which for several months making him a real professional. In addition to the protection of sheep and cows, herding dog should be able to follow the geese, ducks and rabbits, without feeling the desire to satisfy his hunger at the expense of their wards.

In England, organized the competition for the herding dogs, in which four-legged shepherds must find ten sheep, located in eight hundred meters apart, and put them in a corral on one or more predetermined routes. If the dog is working in silence, skill, concentration and quick, she gets extra points. If it is too slow or seeking obedience sheep by biting them, the dog will be disqualified.

Each country has its own breed of herding bred dogs. But not all of them are now used for intended purposes. Some, such as the German and Belgian Shepherd and Norwegian buhund, these days are guard dogs. Others, such as Collies, Corgis and bobtail, steel decorative dogs.

 

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Shepherd dogs evolution

Since ancient times, the dogs were able not only to hunt. Among their most valuable instincts - the ability to guard. Since time immemorial, livestock provide nomadic peoples meat, skin, and also served to transport goods, and there has always been the danger of attacks on domestic animals of prey. The forests of Lebanon, Italy, the Nubian desert and plains of the Euphrates were full of dangerous wild animals. While some dogs have already engaged in hunting, while others were watching the herd, driving them from predators and strangers. Therefore, the first herding dogs were large bold animals that can withstand a bear or a wolf.

It is believed that herding dogs have appeared a few thousand years ago among the nomadic tribes of Asia. Then the Phoenician traders brought them to Europe, where these animals, crossed with local breeds, have given birth to many famous breeds of herding dogs today. The shepherds are most prized white-colored dogs: These dogs are better seen in the dark and, more importantly, they are easier to distinguish from the brown color of the wolf or bear, that is, the hunter could not accidentally kill his four-legged assistant. This explains the white color of the herding dogs, as kuvash, maremmoabrutstskaya Shepherd, Tatranska Shepherd, Pyrenean mountain dog and Bergamo shepherd dog.

The Romans spread of these dogs everywhere have been developed in animal husbandry, and each territory has developed its own special breed, adapted to a particular climate, terrain and nature of their work. For centuries, herding dogs were used exclusively to protect the flock from wolves and bears. And only in the last century, when the threat from wild animals began to weaken, herding dogs are trained to find and bring in a herd otbivshihsya animals.

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Standards of civilized life

The dog must be trained. This means that it should be taught rules of conduct in a civilized society people. Dogs should not stain the house, jump, or growl at the guests, to spoil the furniture should bark only when necessary, to get used to a leash, stay at home without the owners for several hours, and obey commands. During dog training should be remembered that the basis for successful learning - repetition.

Memorizing the lesson should help the two main elements: the rewards and punishments. The first may be stroking, a kind word, sometimes - biscuits. The penalty can be severe cry or slap on the back of the folded paper. The punishment should follow immediately (or within a short period of time) after the misconduct dogs. You can not blame the dog for a long time after the fault, since she did not understand what it is punished, and will be afraid of the owner.

Dogs pleased obedience. If the dog obeys, it means he wants it and will show how nice it fulfill the commands of the owner. True, there are dogs with a stubborn character.

Dogs may well find common language with the man, but do not always get along with other animals. There are dogs with congenital vicious character who experience anger in relation to the horses, geese, clockwork toys. Is therefore necessary to begin to train a dog as soon as possible. Puppies should be accustomed to contact with other animals, holding by the scruff, and if he starts to show aggression, iron until until he calms down. Adult dog to wean from the aggressiveness is much more complicated, since her character is already formed.

If all the dogs were well bred, in front of them would not have been so many prohibitions. By the presence of dogs on a visit or in stores are often viewed with suspicion. Often to blame for the owner who is not trained properly your pet. In England, dogs in general are well educated. Therefore, in some clubs and dogs allowed, but with children, who are known, are the most unruly creatures, is prohibited.

Raising a puppy should start as soon as he first crossed the threshold of the house, bearing in mind, however, that only in the age of three months, he begins to understand that slaps the folded newspaper is a punishment for what he napachkal a house, but did not ask for the street. Need to teach the dog to civilized behavior, prompting her to walk immediately after eating.

When the dog learn the basic skills of living in the house, she would always remember them and will apply all my life. Naturally, there are puppies with congenital education, which immediately perceive the lessons, and there are dogs that can be achieved by obedience to a long and arduous training.

Needness of dog training

Despite the fact that dogs have innate hunting instincts, they still need training. Training is best absorbed in age from six months to a year. However, at the age of three months puppies may accompany their mother on the hunt. Puppies seem such hunting game, but by imitating their parents, he learns all the habits of hunting dogs.

Instructors recommend the use of dogs always one and the same word and the same gesture for each team. Lessons dogs need to give short, having a game character, and repeat them to be as long as the dog does not learn the command, which is required of her. Never use coercion during their studies.

Education allows the hunting skills of dogs of various breeds to develop inherent in their instincts. However, not all hunter-lovers know that for each type of hunting, as well as for each locality has its own special breed. Crossing your dog with dog friends or acquaintances inappropriate, since the result can be obtained even though the general dog, but devoid of individuality and not able to specific types of hunting.

At the end of hunting season hunting dog should be for a few months to become a home. During this period the need to ensure that she lived in a dry and warm, not to overeat and regularly trained, and then the next season it will be able to quickly restore the desired shape.

WAR AND PEACE: different attitude to dogs

At the beginning of XX century, the dogs enjoyed enormous popularity. They were not only participants in the exhibitions, pets, army, guard, pastoral and hunting dogs: an image four-legged friends of man could be seen on talismans, toys, and various wood carvings, trading stamps, postcards and coats of arms. In this regard it should be noted that even in the middle ages pictures of hounds, greyhounds, mastiffs and great danes noble families put on their coats of arms. Dogs were the most important symbol in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance art - hunting and war.

At all times of the war led to the extermination of dogs: poverty and poverty make people forget about the fact that someone other than him, also need food. In 1871, during the siege of Paris by the Prussian army in the French capital was left not only dogs but also horses, cats, birds and mice. Similarly, already during the last two world wars, a large number of dogs died, lost their home or host. During the wars of the dogs are not only used in the army, but were friends of those who had the worst thing: soldiers on the front of prisoners. In 1943, during the retreat of Soviet forces soldiers accompanied the dog who did not want to leave those who shared with them the last.

First dog shows

 Over time, the attitude to dogs: they can be valued not just for hunting, but also visually appealing and physical endurance. It is in this direction and started working dog breeders, working with mind and heart. 

 

In 1859 in the building of the municipality of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was the first exhibition of dogs. Were represented only hunting species - only fifty-pointers and setters. Standards and genealogy in particular were taken into account is not, and breeders initially looked at the dog shows as the original sporting event without special rules. However, fourteen years later, on April 1, 1873, in London, was founded by English Kennel Club, began to collect a book of pedigrees, in which the recorded data on dogs of various breeds.

English example was followed by other countries. In 1884 was founded the American Kennel Club, and in 1898 - Italian. In the U.S., the first dog show was held in 1875 While a little over a hundred years ago, has participated in exhibitions all around fifty dogs, these days such events bring together up to 700 participants.

By the end of the last century, supporters of the English movement of pet-lovers have made some progress in regard to control over the mistreatment of dogs. In particular, they talked about surviving a completely useless practice cupping his ears. This operation was necessary only during the dog fights where the ear might be the most vulnerable place. In 1898 in England was banned cupping his ears, and none of the so mutilated dogs (even for aesthetic reasons) are not allowed at the exhibition. According to the regulations of the American Kennel Club, any dog whose ears were cropped or cut off, under no circumstances should not be allowed on any kind of competition was in the country where the law prohibits it, apart from those mentioned exceptions. 

Such surgical intervention provided by the standards of some rocks, but not all docked ear, but only its upper part. This operation must be carried out by a veterinarian when the dog reaches the age of three, which are usually formed cartilage.

FROM ANCIENT ROME TO THE MIDDLE AGES

Since ancient times, dogs used in war. Thus, the Romans were connected and fighting dogs. For defense and attack dogs were used Molossian with strong canines. They wore neck collars with metal sticking out in all directions blades. At the sight of these dogs are often the enemy fled, without even joining the fight. But worst of all had so-called messenger dogs. Military orders were placed in a small copper cylinder, which swallowed a dog. When she arrived to destination, often had no time to wait until the cylinder will come naturally, so the unsuspecting courier had to kill.

In the first decades after the fall of the Roman Empire during the invasion of the barbarians have forgotten about the dogs, and they returned to the original state. Cities and villages began to scour the ferocious pack of hungry dogs that accompanied the conquerors.

However, in the Middle Ages, dogs, unlike cats, no one accused of witchcraft and the relationship with the devil. However, in this period, they inspire people to disgust. Perhaps, that's when there are such expressions as "tired as a dog, a dog's life", "son of a bitch" and "dog dog's death."

Yet in the Middle Ages dogs were left at the service of man through hunting. When it was hunger, the man to at least some variety to their table, nothing to do but to hunt. And the rich and poor, armed with bows, crossbows, spears, all sorts of knives, as well as networks and traps, began to hunt.

The more people engaged in hunting, the more I realized that he needs assistant - a dog that can hunt in the dense forests and swamps, which so much was at that time. During this period in England is a good hunting dog was valued as a slave.

First description of dogs

Everywhere, in order to survive, had to hunt or it was necessary to protect themselves from uninvited guests, a man used dogs, constantly improving and creating new species and providing them with proper nutrition.

Even before the classical period the Greeks were wolf similar and Egyptian dogs, as well as the Persian Molossian dogs. Greek philosopher and zoologist Aristotle mentioned in his writings existed when it dogs, dividing them into the rock under the name of places where they occurred. Thanks to him, we know that in 300 BC. e. already existed a dog from India, Egypt and Epirus (northwest Greece). However, the author has not left us more or less accurate descriptions, so we can not imagine how they looked.

Hunting dogs also highly valued in ancient Rome. Ovid wrote about how to make sure that the bitch will be good puppies. A writer Varro gave the first advice to a beginning dog. In particular, he wrote that he does not trust the dogs eat the leftovers. He believed that from this they get used to the taste of blood and then can attack live animals. Grek an Oppie, author of "Kinegetika" ( "Hunting"), he was engaged in breeding dogs, small size, which in his opinion, is better suited for hunting in the woods.

Thus, one could argue that for two thousand years ago there was interest in people, and perhaps even love for dogs. In Pompeii, the houses hung signs with the inscription "Cave Canem" ( "beware of dog"), which proves that here was taken to keep the guard dogs. Typically, the use of fierce dogs Molossian enormous size and with frightening teeth. During the day they sat on the chain, the night they were released, and they ran through the territory belonging to the owner. It was fashionable to keep the ferocious animals in the house or garden.